In the August 29 issue of the Scientist, Phil Skell writes in his opinion piece “Why Do We Invoke Darwin? Evolutionary theory contributes little to experimental biology” the following:
Despite this and other daculties, the modem form of Darwin’s theory has been raised to its present high status because it’s said to be the comerstone ofmodem experimental biology. But is that correct? “While
the great majority of biologists would probably agree with Theodosius Dobzhansky‘s dictum that ‘nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution,’ most can conduct their work quite happily without
particular reference to evolutionary ideas,”A.S. Wilkins, editor of the journal BioEssays, wrote in 2000. “Evolution would appear to be the indispensable unifying idea and, at the same time, a highly superfluous one.”
I decided to investigate the quote. Guess what?
The same quote was mined on ARN and Grape Ape responded
You forgot to post the very next passage:
Yet, the marginality of evolutionary biology may be changing. More and more issues in biology, from diverse questions about human nature to the vulnerability of ecosystems, are increasingly seen as reflecting evolutionary events. A spate of popular books on evolution testifies to the development. If we are to fully understand these matters, however, we need to understand the processes of evolution that, ultimately, underlie them.
So I did a search on Google and found the quote mined on the Discover Institute in Skell’s article. A creationist website John Mark Ministries, Answer In Genesis Feedback and a Skeptics page about an AIF debate
Is it not time to put to rest this canard?
61 Comments
Dave Cerutti · 31 August 2005
Good Lord. Do these people have no shame?
jay boilswater · 31 August 2005
Dave wrote:
"Do these people have no shame?"
In a word; NO!
Not science, but the politics of deception, guides them.
You should get used to it, there is more to come.
.
Jim Ramsey · 31 August 2005
Actually, "these people" are simply using the same techniques they use when quoting from the Bible.
With a narrow enough focus, you can get biblical permission for any idiocy or horror.
RF · 31 August 2005
So what was A.S. Wilkins thinking of when he wrote (in 2000) "... at the same time, a highly superfluous one."?
I'm not a biologist, but surely the usefulness of evolutionary-based explanations for living phenomena has been known for decades. (Since the joining of evolutionary zoology and the new science of genetics in the 1940s, I recall hearing - pardon my ignorance if I have this wrong.) If Wilkins meant that 'bean counting' descriptive science could go on without reference to evolutionary explanations for observed phenomena, I suppose I understand, but don't advances in science come about when an explanation of a phenomenon is given?
I find creationist quote mining despicable, but the onus is on scientists to be accurate and clear in what they write.
Red Mann · 31 August 2005
Over at DI, http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/filesDB-download.php?id=496 I found this interesting article:
DARWINIAN EVOLUTIONARY THEORY AND THE LIFE SCIENCES IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Roland F. Hirsch
This essay was originally published in "Uncommon Dissent" (ISI Books, 2004) edited by William Dembski.
In the Conclusions section is this gem:
Life as revealed by new technologies is more complicated than the Darwinian viewpoint anticipated. Thus evolutionary theory, which was considered to be a key foundation of biology in 1959, Adam S. Wilkins, the editor of the review journal BioEssays, put it this way in introducing an issue of his journal devoted to evolution in December 2000:
The subject of evolution occupies a special, and paradoxical, place within biology as a whole. While the great majority of biologists would probably agree with Theodosius Dobzhansky's dictum that "nothing in biology makes sense except in light of evolution," most can conduct 19 their work quite happily without particular reference to evolutionary ideas. "Evolution" would appear to be the indispensable unifying idea and, at the same time, a highly superfluous one.55
Sound familiar?
The article itself goes on about how new techniques, new discoveries in the genome, etc can't be handled by the current theory of evolution. I don't know enough science to analyze this. Anyone care to take this on?
I couldn't find any reference to Hirsh in Talk Origins search.
I.D. Paley · 31 August 2005
Maybe I'm missing something, but doesn't Skell in his piece address the charge of quote mining and cite the second paragraph and respond to it? Here is where I read it: http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&id=2816&program=News&callingPage=discoMainPage
If that's true, would not that make PvM a quote miner because he left out the fact that Skell in fact quoted the passage in its fullness and addressed its charges?
Miah · 31 August 2005
PvM · 31 August 2005
PvM · 31 August 2005
pvm · 31 August 2005
PvM · 31 August 2005
On Pharyngyla, more in depth exploration of Skell's claims
T. Russ · 31 August 2005
I.D. Paley is exactly right. Goodness PvM, Have you no shame?
Harq al-Ada · 31 August 2005
I love how Skell completely ignores the mention of ecological impact in the extended quote, which, we have seen, relies heavily on understanding of evolution. Not to mention combating disease and improving and sustaining agriculture.
frank schmidt · 31 August 2005
We have gotten this same sort of nonsense from Dave Scot in times past - can't these guys come up with something new? Skell simply shows his ignorance of modern biology, which isn't surprising, since he doesn't do it. And, this being science, the argument from authority (Wilkins) counts for squat. Even if Wilkins meant it in the way Snell suggests, it is merely one opinion.
Physicists working in solid-state physics don't acknowledge gravity explicitly in their papers, either. Does that mean they don't think it exists? What tripe.
Russell · 31 August 2005
T.Russ: I guess PvM was a bit hasty here, wasn't he? Well, we all make mistakes. Best we can do is own up to them. That reminds me... what's the disposition of your accusation that DI critics had no substance - nothing but insults and rhetoric? Specifically as regards the essays by Elsberry et al? If I recall correctly, you characterized it as "sickening". You were going to explain yourself over at antievolution.org. How's that coming along?
Rilke's Granddaughter · 31 August 2005
sanjait · 31 August 2005
Regarding the "common pool" theory: It seems possible that descent occured from a common pool rather than a common cell, but mostly because our picture of that far back is a bit murky. We know that we all (as in all life) have structurally similar ribosomal RNA, F1/F0 ATPases and globins, derived at one point from common ancestor genes as they have sequence similarities that can connect any life form to any other (through intermediaries). It seems a simpler explanation to guess that a common cell had these, as now we assume that organisms don't trade ribosomal RNA. But back then, who knows?
Regarding the use of "Darwin" (I prefer evolutionary theory) in experimental biology: In my research on molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis in Mycobacteria, I think about evolution all the time. There are nonpathogenic environmental Mycobacteria, and obligate pathogen Mycobacteria (like M. tuberculosis and M. leprae), then there are environmental Mycobacteria, such as the M. avium we study, that opportunistically attack immunocompromised patients. Why do they do that? What advantage does it provide the organism, which is successful at living in soil and water, to attack animal hosts? What can comparative genomics of different Mycobacteria tell us about the mechanisms of virulence? Evolutionary theory is at the heart of these questions, and I don't see how the quesitons or answers would make sense without them. In that way, evolutionary theory is extremely helpful in our work.
I'm sure there are many people in biology who could do the same work without knowing about evolution. I'm also sure there are many like myself for whom it is extremely helpful (I wonder how many hits the NCBI BLAST server gets each day...). Then, there are probably others, like the aforementioned ecologists, for whom it is essential.
I can excercize my right to vote without knowing anything about history, but knowledge can only help us. In any case, it would be a logical fallacy to conclude that evolution isn't real just because some biologists don't use it.
Moses · 31 August 2005
I understand the quote. My wife does biology research (convergence and extension of cells in Zebra fish embryos, etc.) and says evolution is like gas for her car. She doesn't think about it much, but she can't get anywhere without it...
The truth is, you can conduct biological research without thinking, day and night, about evolution. I'm sure there are many facets of biological research that evolution might not even be necessary.
Andy Bradbury · 31 August 2005
If you want some idea why people "quote mine" evolutionists, you might care to consider the way that ALL sciences are in a more or less constant state of change - *perhaps* especially evolutionist ideas.
From a pro-evolution point of view - which usually seems to start from the assumption that evolution is a fact, and all that remains is to sort out the details - the change will tend to be viewed as a kind of self-adjusting process as scientists home in on the details. In this model, changes of course are not merely acceptable but positively expected.
OK, now look at it from the point of view of someone who DOESN'T start from that same assumption (come on - you can understand a different point of view without having to agree with it!).
How does some in that situation start to argue against the claims of evolutionism? Or more precisely, WHERE do they start?
Not surprisingly, it seems to me, they tend to look for "faults in the fabric" - what you call "quote mining."
Now, you might well argue that the anti-evolutionists pick and choose and only take as much of a quote as suits their purpose. And let's say you're right.
Do you honestly think that evolutionists don't do exactly the same thing - when it suits them? You'd better believe they do.
Back in July there was a discussion going on about the Scopes Monkey Trial. If you want to see some REALLY outrageous misrepresentation, distortion and selective editing - by otherwise reputable academics - I invite you to visit this web page for a view of how "the other half" do it:
http://www3.mistral.co.uk/bradburyac/tenness3.html
Rilke's Granddaughter · 31 August 2005
Ed Darrell · 31 August 2005
Were I to be fair to Jonathan Witt, the Ph.D. in creative writing, I'd have to correct his claim to be more accurate.
In shorthand, we often say that evolution underpins all of modern biology. In a stupidly strict sense, that might not be so. It would be possible to study the shapes of leaves on trees, for example, without understanding evolution.
So to be correct, we should say: Evolution underpins the understanding of all modern biology.
Sure, it's possible to tally the shapes of the leaves without understanding evolution. But it's impossible to understand why all poplars have certain leaf shapes, or why all firs have needles, without a crude understanding of evolution. And it's impossible to understand modern disease fighting, modern agriculture, modern animal husbandry, modern medicine, modern paleontology, modern botany, modern genetics, etc., etc., without understanding evolution.
Evolution doesn't underpin the mere lab procedures (the methodological naturalism that ID advocates wish to abandon). Evolution underpins the understanding of the results of the experiments.
Flint · 31 August 2005
RGD:
I suggest that the cross-checks built into the scientific establishment -- peer review, replication of methods, construction of tests so that the default result cannot ratify the hypothesis, severe punishment within the community for demonstrable misrepresentation -- are there for a good deal more than weeding out the unethical.
As I see it, nobody likes to be in error, everyone is convinced that their ideas capture some essential truth which experiments properly performed will support. The history of science is, as a subtext, also a history of how scientists have constructed methodologies and architected tests to tell them what they wished to hear. A lot of eggs broke when double-blind testing became commonplace.
Yes, science tries to weed out the cheats, but these are rare. Much more often, science is correcting not errors but insufficiently rigorous processes, to which some bias can too easily creep. Inadvertently-introduced bias favors the hypothesis under test more often than can be explained by chance.
I agree with you entirely that Creationism is *in the business* of generating dishonest misrepresentations. They don't so much "encourage" such behavior as *require* it. I have no difficulty imagining Bradbury's "opposing view" - that evidence must flow from preconceptions which cannot be questioned. In fact, I regard this as the default human condition. As far as human psychology is concerned, investigating *anything at all* with a willingness (and ability!) to accept whatever the results might be, is a heroic achievement attainable only by a very few, and only then very occasionally.
No doubt about it, to the limited extent anyone can reach this goal the results are just fabulous - especially when the liars are biting their ankles the whole time.
Rilke's Granddaughter · 31 August 2005
Flint, I agree completely. I didn't mean to imply that this was the sole function of the 'process' of modern science, simply that elimination of those addicted to falsehood was a nice side benefit.
I wasn't nearly clear enough.
Ed Darrell · 31 August 2005
And let me just add that Skell or any other person who thinks evolution is irrelevant would make a damnably lousy farmer, a poor forester, or a crank botanist. Would it be possible to be a modern veterinarian without some understanding of common descent? Zoologist? I doubt it.
I got to thinking about tree leaves, and the clear absurdity of Skell's claim clunked out of my thoughts. The brilliance of Darwin's theory is that it explained well why the leaves of Populus tremuloides and Populus carolinus share so many characteristics, and at the same time why they differ.
I wager that Skell has never seriously studied botany and is not a gardener. Those who do not observe nature carefully should be estopped from criticizing the observations of those who do. They should stop themselves before they make fools.
Ed Darrell · 31 August 2005
In the absence of evolution theory, how does Dr. Skell explain the absence of American chesnut trees? In the absence of evolution theory, how does he explain the sudden disappearance of the Mandan tribe, the tribe which kept peace along the Missouri River until after 1805?
Salvador T. Cordova · 31 August 2005
Rilke's Granddaughter · 31 August 2005
Salvador, doesn't it bother you to lie for Christ? You've never 'honestly' quote-mined anything in your entire life - and that collection is classic unethical misrepresentation.
Doesn't your conscience bother you at all?
Ed Darrell · 31 August 2005
One can do chemistry without atomic theory, too. It stops making sense, but one can do it.
steve · 31 August 2005
Hey Sal, you've complained that Darwin didn't know any Information Theory. Can you find me a single legitimate, recognized Information Theorist praising Dembski's work? Or do they also think he's clueless?
Ed Darrell · 31 August 2005
minimalist · 31 August 2005
Ed Darrell · 31 August 2005
Miah · 31 August 2005
I finished reading that paper mentioned in Comment #45859.
Seems to me that the paper starts out as an open ended objection to the single ancestral cell, and into a possible multiple ancestral cells to explain Lateral Genetic Drift. Which I have been considering asking or researching about myself.
Midway and towards the end of the paper it talks about biological "machines" that reside within cells and references to a designer by reason of examples here on earth.
As before said in my earlier post, since it was edited by Dembski for his book, I figured there would be some "mining" there too. I did a search on google for the author of the article and obtained an email address. I then requested the original article to see if there were any dissimilar content.
I still haven't heard back from the author.
For anybody that knows:
Would the original post where the act of "Quote mining" be considered an Inductive Fallacy : Unrepresentative Sample?
http://datanation.com/fallacies/unrep.htm
I guess it could also be considered slander and outright lying.
GT(N)T · 31 August 2005
Salvador,
Do you think Dr. Woese is an ID/C adherent?
http://unisci.com/stories/20022/0618021.htm
Carl Woese isn't suggesting that a naturalistic explanation for biological diversity isn't appropriate. Rather, he's elaborating on the mechanism for that diversity.
darwinfinch · 31 August 2005
Why have I come to assume that anyone who expresses skepticism of the basic validity of ToE, or anyone who begins talking about God/Designer/11 is a dishonest, useless fanatic who may be dismissed after the briefest examination?
Look at the Creationists on this thread and share my disgust at their "methods."
Salvador/TRuss/ID: you are not merely wrong, or misinformed, or even stupid (all HONEST forms of error often seen in people who wish to imitate sheep) but completely unprincipled (in your definition, evil) shits.
You and your crowd of moral cowards and intellectual balloon-men have already lost everything worth having in life, however profitable it may be for the bunko artists at the top of this food chain of false religion called "Creationism".
'Rev Dr' Lenny Flank · 31 August 2005
'Rev Dr' Lenny Flank · 31 August 2005
'Rev Dr' Lenny Flank · 31 August 2005
Hi Sal. Nice to see you again.
Hey Sal, last time you were here (indeed, the last ten or twelve times you were here) you neglected to answer some rather simple quesitons that I asked you. I'm sure it's just an oversight on your part, and not just an attempt to avoid things on your part. So I'll jsut keep asking until you answer.
*ahem*
1. What is the scientific theory of intelligent design, and how do we test it using the scientific method?
2. According to this scientific theory of intelligent design, how old is the earth, and did humans descend from apelike primates or did they not?
3. what, precisely, about "evolution" is any more "materialistic" than weather forecasting, accident investigation, or medicine?
4. do you repudiate the extremist views of the primary funder of the Center for (the Renewal of) Science and Culture, Howard Ahmanson, and if so, why do you keep taking his money anyway? And if you, unlike most other IDers, are not sucking at Ahmanson's teats, I'd still like to know if you repudiate his extremist views.
Time to run away again, Sal. See ya in a couple weeks.
(waving)
the pro from dover · 31 August 2005
proving once again that the LEN is mightier than the CORD(ova).
Andy Bradbury · 1 September 2005
Let me start by saying that "evolutionist" and "evolutionism" seem to have different, NON-perjorative meanings in the UK as compared with the US. Since we have no battles over the teaching of evolutionism or creationism we don't need to label people in a dismissive manner - on either side.
Rilke's Granddaughter wrote:
"That's how all science works. And evolution - considered as a continuous change in biodiversity over time is a fact. Even the most ardent creationists agree - their dispute is over how that change occured: the 'mechanism', if you like.
So I'm afraid that you're wrong - both pro and anti, both sides start with the same assumption."
I don't want to get into a pissing match, especially since my intention in creating the Scopes Trial site was to present as ACCURATE a view as possible rather than the highly biased view of many other resources - both pro and con - elsewhere on the web and in the literature.
I do feel it is worth addressing this one comment, however, since it so clearly illustrates the way in which some people can believe that they have an objective view - yet have nothing of the sort.
In this case, RG *seems* to be saying that "evolution" has the same meaning for both evolutionists AND creationists.
I beg to differ.
As I understand it creationists, like evolutionists, have a range of views - but none of them accept "evolution" in the sense that evolutionists mean it. Hence the use of the terms "micro" evolution and "macro" evolution. Maybe I haven't looked hard enough, but I have yet to find a creationist who accepts "macro" evolution as a viable concept.
Those creationists who accept "micro" evolution - as far as I can tell - seem to be fairly comfortable with the notion of genetic mutation, etc. and presumably accept that there must be some governing influence (though whether they - as individuals - choose to call it "natural selection" varies from person to person, I'd guess).
However, as I also mention on my website, recent polls (about 9-10 months ago) show that in the case of human beings, at least, a very substantial number of Americans still don't believe that Man has "evolved" at all:
http://www3.mistral.co.uk/bradburyac/tennes13.html#wabn
As to the person who asked (I presume rhetorically) if it was just co-incidence that quote-miners are apt to stop quoting at just the point where adding more would completely change the picture, I'm afraid even someone as upstanding as Edward "Summer for the Gods" Larson is not above using that ploy:
http://www3.mistral.co.uk/bradburyac/tennes14.html#dtd
The whole point of my earlier post was simply that ALL "quote-miners" "quote-mine," with the same intention - to create a different impression than the whole quote, in context, would give. To assume that one side in the debate is more guilty, has less inteeligence or integruty,or does it differently, or is more readily policed, is IMO, naive on a grand scale.
In most cases, it seems to me, quote-miners are actually writing for those who SHARE their point of view, and are therefore less likely to check up on them, not for their opponants. And BOTH sides spot the shortcomings on the opposition, but seldom those on their own side. Or to put it another way, we (meaning ALL of us human beings) tend to see what we expect to see.
Grey Wolf · 1 September 2005
'Rev Dr' Lenny Flank · 1 September 2005
'Rev Dr' Lenny Flank · 1 September 2005
GCT · 1 September 2005
MrDarwin · 1 September 2005
I'm sure somebody has already pointed this out but ID proponents should b very, very careful making claims like this because the flip side is, of course, that biologists have been doing their work for well over a century with NO reference to, invocation of, or assumptions of "intelligent design" and have managed to get an awful lot of productive research done. ID proponents have yet to demonstrate or suggest how ID assumptions would lead to better or more productive research.
So which is the more "superfluous" idea?
Russell · 1 September 2005
I think Andy Bradbury makes a point that we would all be wise to contemplate. I would be surprised if even the most correct and noble of causes does not have some overzealous supporters. And even the most fair-minded supporters of such causes, I imagine, must continuously monitor their human nature and balance accuracy and activism.
That being said, I would not draw the nihilistic conclusion that everyone lies, all positions are equally subjective, and that the only honest thing to do would be to heave a post-modern sigh of "Whatever".
Grey Wolf · 1 September 2005
Miah · 1 September 2005
Very nice quote from Pratchett, Grey Wolf.
I think that is a great way to say it.
To some of the other poster's in this thread:
The premise of this topic was "Quote Mining" as done by creationist/IDer's.
Arguing by saying, "well you do it too" is an ad hominem tu quoque attack, which has nothing to do with the truth or falsity of the propsition at hand.
There is no basis for justification by this argument, in the least bit. When it does happen, more often than not, they are caught by their own peers...as well as I've seen (mostly here on PT) that when it happens there is an immediate retraction, apology, or restatement as to indicate the original intent of the author.
Germain to the topic at hand, I do NOT see that with "Quote Mining" from Creationist/IDer's.
If I am wrong, I'm sure it'll be pointed out.
Of course this is my observation so far.
ts (not Tim) · 1 September 2005
Miah · 1 September 2005
Miah · 1 September 2005
I didn't mean to imply that I was changing the meaning of the phrase "quote mining". I guess I should have made that clearer. I was more indicating an observation.
Rilke's Granddaughter · 1 September 2005
Rilke's Granddaughter · 1 September 2005
Ron Okimoto · 1 September 2005
The sad fact about ID quote mining is that they have to do it because they can't quote ID supporters. They know that ID supporters are worthless to quote because like the guys that would be quoting them they have nothing backing up any of their statements.
The ID pretenders wouldn't have to quote mine if they had done any science or if they were doing any science worth quoting themselves.
ts (not Tim) · 2 September 2005
Miah · 2 September 2005
Ahhhh...I see. Ok I missed that from before.
Thanks again ts.
Filmdude · 8 September 2005
Interesting back and forth, here, but I only see a few people addressing the actual issue raised by Skell, namely, to paraphrase, "what has Darwinian Evolution done for me lately"? Not evolution, Darwinian Evolution. To ignore this very fine and very important distinction is to ignore the heart of Skell's argument. At the heart of that argument is the idea that for all intents and purposes the fact of evolution (things change, bubba!) has been dutifully conflated with Darwin's theory of it. In Skell's article we encounter "Darwin's theory of evolution", "Darwin's theory", "Darwinian evolution", "Darwinian paradigm", and "Darwinian explanations".
Dobzhansky's quote, if anything, illustrates how far this conflating of concepts has come. I would actually put the emphasis on the understanding of mechanisms. And may I be struck down right here and now if the proof in the pudding is not the actual mechanisms, which are as far removed from high level supple metabiological ponderings as quantum mechanics is from the word "physics".
Maybe the issue is not ID vs. evolution. Maybe the issue is slavish ignorance of what WAS in Darwin's time and what IS today, for the sake of keeping the school science classes clear of praying mantises and cuckoos who think the Earth is 7000 years old. A noble goal that this is, science cannot afford worship. That's for religious folks. Let Darwin rest in peace already. He's done his duty and opened the door. Why not walk through it instead of being stuck there incessantly kissing the Master's hand.
If I see this right, and I might not, I find in Skell's article a veiled proposition that evolution is NOT the same as Darwinian evolution, though that is how the term is commonly being used nowadays. As such, Darwinian evolution has offered little in way of precise guidance when it comes to the mechanisms, of which Darwin knew very little if anything at all, (a cursory reading of Origin reveals this, quote miners need not bother) and of the details that matter in the end.
I am no ID proponent, I don't fear the reaper and I oppose conflating religious studies with science class. I also don't think much of Darwin being exalted for the lone reason he was exalted back in his day: providing opposition to religious fundamentalism using the weapon of science defined as "reality".
That's shallow and it denigrates science, it denigrates people and it denigrates those who happen to have spiritual leanings.
Long winded and possibly irrelevant this post was, my young padawans. Nonetheless, I needed to get it off my chest. Evolution is so much bigger and better than Darwin, we are only beginning to scratch the surface. We need new paradigms, those with enough detail to matter, and enough distinctiveness to possess true explanatory power. Philosophy is nice, in philosophy class. Dawkins and Dembski welcome.
'Rev Dr' Lenny Flank · 8 September 2005
Filmdude · 9 September 2005
Wesley R. Elsberry · 12 September 2005
Is anybody else out there fed up with the ID advocates tossing around the "Darwin-only" phrase? I've put up a section of a CafePress shop for T-shirts, mugs, and a bumper sticker for the "Science-Only" viewpoint.
Please feel free to drop a link to these wherever appropriate online, i.e., whenever some clown spouts the ID "Darwin-only" rhetoric and there's a means of leaving a comment.
And, of course, if there's some design you'd like to see me implement, let me know.
ts (not Tim) · 12 September 2005