The paleontologists are going too far. This is getting ridiculous. They keep digging up these collections of bones that illuminate tetrapod origins, and they keep making finer and finer distinctions. On one earlier side we have a bunch of tetrapod-like fish — Tiktaalik and Panderichthys, for instance — and on the later side we have fish-like tetrapods, such as Acanthostega and Ichthyostega. Now they're talking about shades of fishiness or tetrapodiness within those groups! You'd almost think they were documenting a pattern of gradual evolutionary change.
The latest addition is a description of Ventastega curonica, a creature that falls within the domain of the fish-like tetrapods, but is a bit fishier than other forms, so it actually bridges the gap between something like Tiktaalik and Acanthostega. We look forward to the imminent discovery of yet more fossils that bridge the gap between Ventastega and Tiktaalik, and between Ventastega and Acanthostega, and all the intermediates between them.
Here's Ventastega's place in the phyletic universe, and I think you can see what I mean — all those species represent an embarrassment of riches, revealing the flowering of the tetrapod transition.

The skull can be compared to others, and the meat of the description of this animal is largely a description of each of the bones of the skull, categorizing and comparing them, and showing that we really are looking at a beast that is partway between Tiktaalik and Acanthostega.

(click for larger image)
Skulls of Tiktaalik, Ventastega, Acanthostega and Ichthyostega in dorsal view, showing the skull roof (grey) used in the morphometric comparison. In Ventastega and Acanthostega the internasal fontanelle is shown darker grey. Not drawn to scale.
I know, you really just want to see what it looks like. Here's a diagram of the bits and pieces of this wonderful fossil.

(click for larger image)
a, Whole-body reconstruction showing known skeletal elements on a body outline based on Acanthostega. Scale bar, 10 cm. b, c, Skull reconstruction in lateral and dorsal views, based on material presented here and described previously. d, Reconstructed association of skull and shoulder girdle in lateral view. e, Shoulder girdle in anterior view. Curvature of cleithrum based on LDM G 81/522. Unknown bones are indicated with vertical hatching. Scale bar for b–e, 10 mm. f, g, Life reconstructions of head in lateral and dorsal views (copyright P. Renne, 2007). an, anocleithrum; ang, angular; cla, clavicle; clei, cleithrum; de, dentary; fr, frontal; icl, interclavicle; i.fon, internasal fontanelle; it, intertemporal; ju, jugal; la, lacrimal; mx, maxilla; m.ro, median rostral; na, nasal; pa, parietal; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; pop, preopercular; pospl, postsplenial; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pter, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; sang, surangular; scapcor, scapulocoracoid; spl, splenial; sq, squamosal; ta, tabular.
There's one important fact Ahlberg warns us about, though. When you see a detailed, species-packed cladogram like the one shown above, it is tempting to see the roster of species as a linear series, with one form succeeding another. This is not the case! Many of those species were dead ends, and we're seeing the tips of the branches, not necessarily any of the members of the main trunk. What all these fossils tell us is a combination of fortunate trivia — it's good to live your life along the water's edge if you hope to be fossilized — and amazing success. These early tetrapods were exploring a new niche and were radiating into diverse morphologies at a rapid rate, and so what we're also seeing is a portrait of a spectacularly successful strategy, the exploitation of the boundary between land and water by large animals.
Ahlberg PE, Clack JA, Luksevics E, Blom H, Zupins I (2008) Ventastega curonica and the origin of tetrapod morphology. Nature 453(7199):1199-204.
173 Comments
Wheels · 27 June 2008
This is terrible news indeed! Now just look at all those gaps we have to fill! Each time we find a new missing link, it's creating TWO gaps! [/sarcasm]
Michael Roberts · 27 June 2008
The government must stop funding this work as it may prove evolution
Daoud · 27 June 2008
Scientists have failed to find a SINGLE transitional fossil in 150 years of trying! They have no evidence, just faith!
RABBLE RABBLE RABBLE!!!
fnxtr · 27 June 2008
It's still just a... er... um... thing...
harold · 27 June 2008
This and the preceding article are the type of thing I really enjoy here.
I guess that makes PZ Meyers close to my favorite science writer.
I would recommend that anyone of any religious persuasion learn from his generous and articulate sharing of biology with the public.
But I don't comment on this stuff very often, because the summaries are usually so complete, I don't have much to add.
harold · 27 June 2008
Wait - I do have some questions.
I won't ask the fossils approximate date, as I can google or even make a guess at that.
The teeth look sharp. Was it a carnivore? Who did it eat - any ideas? Would there have been any tetrapod herbivores to speack of at the time? How big was it?
Paul Burnett · 27 June 2008
FastEddie · 27 June 2008
It's interesting that this is yet another discovery NOT made by the Discovery Institute.
vorwof · 27 June 2008
I've been lurking for some time, and this seems like an appropriate thread to ask a questions that's bugged me for some time.
How can we draw an entire body of a creature for which we have only a few bones? In PZ's example, we have a skull and a couple of "fin" bones. Is it a simple matter of looking at the similarities with other more complete fossils to extrapolate to the full body?
How confident are we that we've got the right body type?
Thanks in advance.
Flint · 27 June 2008
RBH · 27 June 2008
As the figure caption clearly says, the body outline is based on Acanthostega, for which additional skeletal material is available. The justification for using Acanthostega as a guide to reconstructing Ventastega is that the skulls are sufficiently similar that the bodies are likely to also be similar. Obviously, as and if additional skeletal material for Ventastega becomes available that reconstruction will be modified accordingly.
vorwof · 27 June 2008
FastEddie · 27 June 2008
iml8 · 27 June 2008
Bubba Von Grubba · 27 June 2008
Scince Nut · 27 June 2008
Does anyone have the email address for Ann Coulter? I need to send her a link to this post.
vorwof · 27 June 2008
Alun Hughes · 27 June 2008
"They just throw a bunch of chicken bones in a pile and fill in the rest with their imagination and call it “evidence.” These are the people that called Piltdown Man, the feejee mermaid and John Merrick trasitional forms. It’s all just fraud and imagination!"
Glad to see us creationist aint the only ones to do that...Maby we does have somthing in like wit da scienceism!
fnxtr · 27 June 2008
No point. Morton's Demon has pretty thoroughly possessed Ms. Coulter.
Cedric Katesby · 27 June 2008
"It's still just a tetrapod"
(Sorry. I just couldn't resist.)
Daoud · 27 June 2008
iml8 · 27 June 2008
stevaroni · 27 June 2008
harold · 27 June 2008
Paul Burnett -
Thanks.
This is an area I'll have to do some reading in.
John Kwok · 27 June 2008
Daniel Gaston · 27 June 2008
Henry J · 27 June 2008
Henry J · 27 June 2008
deedee · 27 June 2008
I couldn't resist commenting, even though it seems that it will fall on deaf ears on this blog. Just a bit of advice, if you want to continue with the cherade that evolution is real science you might want to tone down the sarcasim just a tad. The defensiveness and general mimicking the same old darwinian rhetoric reveals how strong the faith is, the faith you pretend isn't a faith that is. By the way, If you think Ann Coulter would be impressed with any of the same old stuff on this site that appears in every other evolutionary sight, you must be kidding.
deedee · 27 June 2008
I couldn't resist commenting, even though it seems that it will fall on deaf ears on this blog. Just a bit of advice, if you want to continue with the cherade that evolution is real science you might want to tone down the sarcasim just a tad. The defensiveness and general mimicking the same old darwinian rhetoric reveals how strong the faith is, the faith you pretend isn't a faith that is. By the way, If you think Ann Coulter would be impressed with any of the same old stuff on this site that appears in every other evolutionary sight, you must be kidding.
iml8 · 27 June 2008
Mike from Ottawa · 27 June 2008
deedee spells charade incorrectly and goes downhill from there. Mountains of evidence? Who cares, certainly not deedee and even less Ann Coulter, Goebbels in a skirt.
iml8 · 27 June 2008
deedee · 27 June 2008
NJ · 27 June 2008
Let's see, there deedee...
Concern trolling? Check.
Bad spelling? Check.
Insistence that science is actually religion? Check.
Referring to science as "Darwinism"? Check.
Believing that Ann Coulter has a non-zero IQ? Check.
Buh-bye. Don't let the doorknob hit you in the brain on the way out, mmmmkkkay?
iml8 · 27 June 2008
Stanton · 27 June 2008
And yet, deedee does not explain why it is so that the "Darwinists" (sic) are the ones doing the actual work, scientific or otherwise, while creationists have done absolutely nothing.
Frank J · 27 June 2008
deedee · 27 June 2008
More semanitcs, sarcasim, defensiveness (without any actual defense with substance of course, (a little obession with Coulter too I might add), and the ever-so-popular dodging the point...come on, I'm sure since your faith is really science you must have something that convincing you so stongly that your interpretation of the facts is correct. Something besides mocking people who DO NOT agree with you would show some maturity, but come on, you can't expect your religion to gain any credibility with that attitude, can you?
Frank J · 27 June 2008
iml8 · 27 June 2008
stevaroni · 27 June 2008
iml8 · 27 June 2008
vorwof · 27 June 2008
deedee · 27 June 2008
Frank. Thank you for a serious question. Although, I would like to first point out that it's always amusing how evolutionists refuse to answer the question themselves. As I asked, what convinces you so much about your interpretation of the facts? No one has decided to answer that, exept the old mocking-bird "mountains of evidence," which of course, we could go round in circles, by me calling my interpretation of the facts "mountains of evidence" too, but as much fun as it is its a little lame. Anyway, I briefly, No I do not agree with Behe's opinion on the age of the earth. Yes I absolutely agree with his logic that the complexity of biology at the molecular level is irrational to believe it came about through natural causes. "Design" is not something that scientists disagree on. From Behe, Crick, Dawkins, Sagan, Wise, Fawkins etc. No scientist argues that we don't see design in nature. Only, evolutionists call it "apparent" observable design, creationists & I.D. call it just "observable design." The Theory of design has been being used to solve cases long before evolutionists started getting their shorts in a knot about it. For example, a piece of evidence goes through the "explanatory filter" when we try to determine the cause of it. The order of elimination is very important. First we investigate whether a natural law could have caused it, when that is ruled out, we investigate the probability of random chance causing it, if that is ruled out, we concur that it was designed. I can give many examples of this, but for this post I should break and pick up later. I have to ask, why do so many evolutionists clump all creationists as part of the Ann Coulter fan club. Personally I think she is correct on a lot of things, incorrect on somethings, a little too sarcastic, sometimes rude, but often hilarious. However these bloggers seem a little fixiated on her.
Henry J · 27 June 2008
iml8 · 27 June 2008
Eric Finn · 27 June 2008
fnxtr · 27 June 2008
"Interpretation of the facts"?
Modern Evolutionary Theory best fits all facts / data / touchable evidence found so far. At least according to the thousands of scientists, from all religions and none, who have actually, you know, done the work.
If you have a better, more comprehensive, useful theory, let's have it.
The Nobel is waiting, deedee.
Damian · 27 June 2008
29+ Evidences for Macroevolution: The Scientific Case for Common Descent
This outlines a number of reasons why we accept the findings of evolutionary theory. It is but a small sample, in truth, but it will take you months to read through it.
Do come back when you have and I will be delighted to answer any questions, deedee.
Or, alternatively, ask some questions. Many people will be delighted to answer, if, and only if, you show some interest in, at the very least, understanding why we do accept the evidence. The reason that we may seem dismissive at first is because so many come here and really aren't interested in having a fruitful and respectful dialogue.
iml8 · 27 June 2008
Rolf · 27 June 2008
Stanton · 27 June 2008
fnxtr · 27 June 2008
What if we don't know if a natural law could have caused it?
Or if we don't know what the chances of the event are?
What then?
As pvm would point out, the explanatory filter exposes ID as the ultimate argument from ignorance.
recovering YEC · 27 June 2008
deedee I'll play. It's practice for explaining science to my fundy nieces and nephews.
So, on what grounds do you disagree with Behe on the age of the earth-and therefore the age of the fossils? Also, is the reported age of the fossils the main point you disagree with in the article or is there something else about their analysis that you think is wrong? Please be specific "mountains of evidence" in quotes isn't an argument-it's a phrase
Stanton · 27 June 2008
GODDESIGNERDIDITGODDESIGNERDIDITGODDESIGNERDIDIT You know how it is, people conflate ignorance with piety, and get furious when others don't do the same. "Because the Bible said so." "Because the Bible said so." "Because the Bible said so."Mike from Ottawa · 27 June 2008
recovering YEC · 27 June 2008
raven · 27 June 2008
Science Avenger · 27 June 2008
Frank J · 27 June 2008
Bobby · 27 June 2008
Fortunately for creationists it merely "bridges the gap", and isn't a transitional form or missing link or anything like that.
Science Avenger · 27 June 2008
Yeah, and look at how many more gaps we have to hide the gods in!
BaldApe · 27 June 2008
deedee,
Saying it twice doesn't make it make any more sense. :-)
On Ann Coulter, I doubt that she believes half of the loony stuff she says. She's a comedian, not a journalist.
Frank J · 27 June 2008
rog · 27 June 2008
rog · 27 June 2008
RBH · 27 June 2008
Per Ahlberg is commenting at length on the find on TalkRational.
Bubba Von Grubba · 27 June 2008
stevaroni · 28 June 2008
mark · 28 June 2008
"...mimicking the same old Darwinian rhetoric..."
Yeah, things like "Here's yet another transitional form, one of those things that evolution deniers deny." When people deny scientific evidence, over and over and over again, they open themselves up to mockery and ridicule. If they could offer some valid scientific arguments against the evidence for evolution, they would be taken more seriously.
And by the way, I doubt anyone here seriously thinks Ann Coulter would be impressed by facts.
mark · 28 June 2008
...you must have something that convincing you so stongly that your interpretation of the facts is correct.
Where can we possibly find such evidence? How about starting with the topic of this post? There are libraries and museums as well as Internet sources chock full of consistent, science-backed information to answer this question. Supporting information is taught (and actively researched) in universities and colleges throughout the world; it's not hard to find. What is hard to find is evidence of Creationism, other than assertions that ultimately lead back to "the Bible tells me so."
iml8 · 28 June 2008
iml8 · 28 June 2008
stevaroni · 28 June 2008
iml8 · 28 June 2008
Draconiz · 28 June 2008
Peter Henderson · 28 June 2008
iml8 · 28 June 2008
Stanton · 28 June 2008
Eric · 28 June 2008
Stanton · 28 June 2008
David Stanton · 28 June 2008
Hamstrung,
Look at Figure 1 above. The best explanation for this pattern is that tetrapods were derived from fish ancestors. There is similar evidence that mammals were derived from reptilian ancestors. The evidence comes from palentolohy, developmental biology and genetics. These lines of evidence all provide the exact same answer. What is your evidence that mammals were not derived from reptiles?
By the way, if you are really bobby the name-changing troll, look at the mathematical analysis of the cladogram. This is part of the mathematical evidence that you always ask for and never acknowledge.
Science Avenger · 28 June 2008
Peter Henderson · 28 June 2008
stevaroni · 28 June 2008
H. H. · 28 June 2008
Stanton · 28 June 2008
Wheels · 28 June 2008
H. H. · 28 June 2008
fnxtr · 28 June 2008
Again, do it yourself, you lazy, ignorant turd.
Stanton · 28 June 2008
fnxtr · 28 June 2008
fnxtr · 28 June 2008
arg! previous post in response to "agenda" bull$#!+ from the Troll Formerly Known As.. well, Legion, really.
fnxtr · 28 June 2008
If you don't like the answers of people who actually do the work, go do it yourself.
Torbjörn Larsson, OM · 28 June 2008
Draconiz · 28 June 2008
stevaroni · 28 June 2008
Torbjörn Larsson, OM · 28 June 2008
iml8 · 28 June 2008
raven · 28 June 2008
Torbjörn Larsson, OM · 28 June 2008
PvM · 28 June 2008
Sylvilagus · 28 June 2008
Frank B · 28 June 2008
oh, deedee, or should I say effeff. We have trust in the theory of evolution. The theory has earned our trust with evidence from so many different disciplines. Faith is what you need when there is no evidence, or contrary evidence, like with creation. If you have faith in creation, that is fine for you. But I have trust in evolution, and that is better.
Frank J · 28 June 2008
iml8 · 28 June 2008
Stanton · 28 June 2008
So, hamstrung/bobby/bernard/george/jacob, why am I mistaken about there being actual documented differences between Latimeria and Macropoma, and why is that considered "trolling"?
iml8 · 28 June 2008
Stanton · 28 June 2008
iml8 · 28 June 2008
Science Avenger · 28 June 2008
iml8 · 28 June 2008
deedee · 28 June 2008
Wow people (and I use the term loosly). All you have to do is read back over the temper tantrum you immature people have had due to the fact that I don't share your very strong faith, and you have yourselves proved my original point. That is, this board is not about an intelligent conversation that might actual aid in the discovery of what is really real, but rather you are content as a bunch of mocking birds. I will continue to hope that a spark of real interest in the truth will be ignited in someone here, but, as I first stated, ANYTHING I had to say here would fall on deaf ears, so my visit with you typical hissy fitters is done. For the record, I have been publicly speaking on world views and education verses indoctrination for 7 years now and have studied the creation/evolution debate for 9 years. I have interviewed more scientists on the subject than most of you have probably ever met. And, for any of you who hold to the view that our society at this time has not been indoctrinated with the state-funded religion of evolution are choosing to be ignorant. You keep right on thinking (another VERY loose term) that your attacks and intimidation tactics show that you are on the right side. But I think it'd be really neato if some of you hotheads studied SUBSTANCE & EVIDENCE instead of rhetoric, then you might have something intelligent to say. Oh, I'm sorry, I hope the word "intelligence" doesn't get you all in a tissy again like the word "design."
iml8 · 28 June 2008
deedee said:
But I think it'd be really neato if some of you hotheads studied SUBSTANCE & EVIDENCE instead of rhetoric, then you might have something intelligent to say.
"These droids aren't the ones you're looking for. There's no evidence or substance to evolutionary theory. This is not a scam." The Force
gives power over the weak-minded ...
White Rabbit (Greg Goebel) http://www.vectorsite.net/tadarwin.html
Mike Sigler · 28 June 2008
Is the long beard man who fly from cloud to cloud going to agree with this? Be careful he is aggressive.
iml8 · 28 June 2008
iml8 · 28 June 2008
Did you notice we're getting alternating lunatic-fringers here?
I'm beginning to suspect a sock-puppet show or something like it.
citing John Derbyshire:
It’s a wearying business, arguing with Creationists. Basically, it is a game of Whack-a-Mole. They make an argument, you whack it down. They make a second, you whack it down. They make a third, you whack it down. *So they make the first argument again*. This is why most biologists just can’t be bothered with Creationism at all, even for the fun of it. It isn’t actually any fun. Creationists just chase you round in circles. It’s boring.
It would be less boring if they’d come up with a new argument once in a while, but they never do. I’ve been engaging with Creationists for a couple of years now, and I have yet to hear an argument younger than I am. (I am not young.) All Creationist arguments have been whacked down a thousand times, but they keep popping up again.
White Rabbit (Greg Goebel) http://www.vectorsite.net/tadarwin.html
iml8 · 28 June 2008
rog · 28 June 2008
Hamstrung has a classic passive-aggressive personality. As Jocob he, "reported PT as a pornographic website". I deeply pity anyone in a relationship with it.
stevaroni · 28 June 2008
Stanton · 28 June 2008
prof weird · 29 June 2008
DesignerDIDIT !!!!Science Avenger · 29 June 2008
sylvilagus · 29 June 2008
Frank J · 29 June 2008
iml8 · 29 June 2008
PZ Myers · 29 June 2008
Sock puppetry and frequent morphing of one's username to avoid filters is against the rules here. Later today, I'll be going through this thread and purging the ONE flaming asshole who has been using multiple names to say the same thing over and over again.
You all know who it is.
Please don't engage this jerk any further. Your comments will be left dangling without referents.
Science Avenger · 29 June 2008
stevaroni · 29 June 2008
Let him flame, PZ. It only shows that a) the creationist emperor has no clothes, b) they have no articulable answers and c) they have to resort to subterfuge, evasion, and name calling because they have nothing else.
Why make him a pathetic martyr when it's better just to leave him pathetic?
iml8 · 29 June 2008
Oh, I am disappointed. I was waiting for him to prove to me that the
Moon wasn't made of green cheese. I will just have to be satisfied
waiting for the next email from Dr. Moses Abu of the Discovery
Institute of Nigeria in Lagos.
Ah, but PZ Myers has figured out how to win at whack-a-mole: whack
every hole at once. That'll fix them pesky little moles.
White Rabbit (Greg Goebel) http://www.vectorsite.net/tadarwin.html
iml8 · 29 June 2008
I do have to add that it was getting a bit dull. After a while
teasing small noisy dogs gets to feel a little unsporting.
White Rabbit (Greg Goebel) http://www.vectorsite.net/tadarwin.html
iml8 · 29 June 2008
iml8 · 29 June 2008
stevaroni · 29 June 2008
iml8 · 29 June 2008
blockquote>
HamStrung said:
Well the study is by a reputable organization. And the study you have sent me is.... well you never sent one. That is because there isnt one.
I guess I have shown my point.
"Reputable organization"? Do you think I am impressed by such a
bland "appeal to authority"? The scientific establishment has closed
ranks and is narrow-mindedly refusing to consider the fact that the
Moon really is made of green cheese. But the effort is doomed to
failure because the evidence against the tottering established
wisdom is now becoming overwhelming. Scientists are increasingly
questioning the dogma and are providing new evidence every day that
the Moon really is made of green cheese.
I think it is time for astronomy classes in schools to "teach the
controversy" and tell our kids what the Moon is *really* made of.
White Rabbit (Greg Goebel) http://www.vectorsite.net/tadarwin.html
iml8 · 29 June 2008
blockquote>
HamStrung said:
Well the study is by a reputable organization. And the study you have sent me is.... well you never sent one. That is because there isnt one.
I guess I have shown my point.
"Reputable organization"? Do you think I am impressed by such a
bland "appeal to authority"? The scientific establishment has closed
ranks and is narrow-mindedly refusing to consider the fact that the
Moon really is made of green cheese. But the effort is doomed to
failure because the evidence against the tottering established
wisdom is now becoming overwhelming. Scientists are increasingly
questioning the dogma and are providing new evidence every day that
the Moon really is made of green cheese.
I think it is time for astronomy classes in schools to "teach the
controversy" and tell our kids what the Moon is *really* made of.
White Rabbit (Greg Goebel) http://www.vectorsite.net/tadarwin.html
iml8 · 29 June 2008
iml8 · 29 June 2008
Torbjörn Larsson, OM · 29 June 2008
Torbjörn Larsson, OM · 29 June 2008
Eric Finn · 29 June 2008
stevaroni · 29 June 2008
Torbjörn Larsson, OM · 29 June 2008
Torbjörn Larsson, OM · 29 June 2008
Well, I'm reading your comment again, and I believe you are ironic over the creationist position. Never mind, it can be good to spell out why solid fact can cohabit science together with revisability. It isn't immediately obvious for a cherry-picking mind that would see a conflict instead of a different qualities on a coherent scale.
Eric Finn · 30 June 2008
Torbjörn Larsson,
Thank you for taking time to reply my comment.
I am sure we both agree that sarcasm is not the easiest style of writing to adapt. Maybe I should drop all attempts, since it doesn't come naturally.
You presented how observations (let's call them 'facts' for the current purpose) relate to theories. Theories are always provisional, but so are 'facts', in the sense you described.
A single find, e.g. Ventastega, might be interesting on its own, but its real value is only seen in context with other finds (facts). Those facts are obtained, not only in the field of biology, but also by applying inorganic chemistry, physics and geology. A conspiracy among all the scientist to make their facts fit is ... well, not very likely. Some posters do not seem to appreciate the harshness of evaluation any scientific theory or hypothesis must face.
Every active scientist has more promising research plans than (s)he can ever complete. Thus, a new revolutionary theory needs to have some supporting evidence (facts), before it will be studied by many scientist. At least, the new theory, or hypthesis, needs to make at least some verifiable predictions that can be tested (ID does not, according to my limited understanding).
Regards
Eric
paul flocken · 30 June 2008
Flint · 30 June 2008
Frank J · 30 June 2008
Frank J · 30 June 2008
gregwrld · 30 June 2008
Deediddly: Rhetoric won't cut it, no matter how pretty you think it is. You have yet to offer a better explanation for Ventastega than the one offered here. Crying "design" won't cut it, you have to have a better explanation for the evidence.
And it's obvious that you don't.
Torbjörn Larsson, OM · 30 June 2008
Nigel D · 1 July 2008
Nigel D · 1 July 2008
Nigel D · 2 July 2008
Whooops, sorry about the double-post, folks.
Mods, please feel free to delete one of them.
Nigel D · 2 July 2008
(2) Anatomical similarities among organisms
(3) Differences between organisms, particularly those that occupy the same ecological niche on different continents
(4) Genetic similarities among disparate organisms
(5) Developmental similarities among disparate organisms
(6) Metabolic similarities among disparate organisms
(7) The fact that the similarities and differences among organisms form patterns of nested hierarchies
(8) Symbiosis
(9) Adaptation of organisms to their habitat
(10) Secondary sexual characteristics
(11) Predator-prey "arms races"
(12) Parasite-host "arms races"
And more. Perhaps, before you try to criticise evolutionary theory, you should actually go and learn what it says first. The fact that MET is the only logical interpretation of the facts that does not call upon the superntaural, that's what. No, it's not a little lame. Your claiming of the evidence for your position (which, BTW, is what, exactly?) is a lot lame. The evidence overwhelmingly supports one logical conclusion - that the mechanisms for biological change that are described in MET are what actually happens in the world. Why not? What age do you think the Earth is? Why? What do you say to all the evidence (e.g. measurements of rocks that are c. 4 billion years old)? On what do you base this leap of faith? What prevents natural processes from generating structures that appear to us to be complex? Now you are splitting hairs. Design in nature is not controversial. Evolution is a design process. This is semantics. The term "design" has multiple meanings. The creationists are using it to imply the application of intelligence (i.e. God) during the processes of biological change over time. This is wholly unscientific, because there is no evidence to support it, there is evidence to gainsay it, and there is no conclusive way to measure it. BTW, what the hell do you mean by "observable design"? Do you mean something that is interpreted by our brains as being designed? Or do you mean something that was formed through the application of intent? Or what? I know what the words you use mean, but the way you put them together renders them meaningless. This is rubbish. What, then is the "theory of design"? ID, as expounded by Behe, Dembski, Wells et al., is nothing more than an expression of ignorance (the "set theoretic complement" of processes we know about). No it doesn't. You really are just making this up. The explanatory filter is of no use to anyone, mainly because it demands that every single possible explanation be conceived of and considered. Law courts don't work like this. Science doesn't work like this. Evidence is judged mainly against what is already known, and each piece of evidence must be set into the context of what we know to be possible; what we consider to be likely; and what we don't know. But this ignores the possibility of unknown natural mechanisms operating. As well as ignoring the fact that "random chance" is a very loosely defined concept, and the fact that in combination, stochastic and regular processes can operate to produce phenomena that, while obeying all known laws, are still alrgely unpredictable without an extraordinary effort (e.g. weather prediction). I bet you can't really. Because you all deny reality to some extent or other. Oh dear. She is a lunatic. She publishes crap and promotes it through sheer chutzpah. Well, wouldn't you be if someone with no knowledge of what you do was trying to persuade the taxpayers that your entire field of expertise was wrong?
Nigel D · 2 July 2008
Nigel D · 2 July 2008
Torbjörn Larsson, OM · 2 July 2008
- By modeling fusion, convection et cetera, the Sun must be ~ 5 Ga or so.
- By dating cratering on the Moon and other planetary bodies, the solar system clocks in at ~ 5 Ga or so. (Mars, Venus et cetera have their own datings covering these periods.)
- By dating Earth, meteorites (and perhaps Moon rocks), the solar system clocks in at ~ 4.6 Ga or so.
- By dating the oldest surviving rocks Earth is at least ~ 4 Ga or so.
- By dating increase of salinity of the seas, IIRC Earth is at least 2 Ga or so.
- By estimating ozone dissociation until sufficient UV blockage that enabled land colonization, Earth is at least 2 Ga or so. (Livio, et al.)
- By dating plate tectonics, IIRC Earth is at least 0.1 - 0.5 Ga or so.
- And by dating specific geological locales, weathering and rock formation times, I'm pretty sure you must get lower dates in the same range due to plate tectonics.
- By estimating species diversity, AFAIU Earth is at least 0.1 - 0.5 Ga or so.
Creationists aren't just bending backwards trying to avoid the evidence, they are totally spineless under the burden. "La la la, I can't hear you!"
Torbjörn Larsson, OM · 2 July 2008
Btw, I believe I once have heard that there is a direct correlation between salinity in land animals and the time when we left the seas, and the respective ages concur. Though that merits a check. But that would put yet another lower limit on Earth age.
Eric · 2 July 2008
Henry J · 2 July 2008
Torbjörn Larsson, OM · 2 July 2008
Henry J · 2 July 2008
stevaroni · 2 July 2008
Eric Finn · 2 July 2008
Henry J · 2 July 2008
Torbjörn Larsson, OM · 3 July 2008
Torbjörn Larsson, OM · 3 July 2008
Torbjörn Larsson, OM · 3 July 2008
Nigel D · 3 July 2008
stevaroni · 3 July 2008
Henry J · 3 July 2008
Would it be... on further thought, I don't know. In the case of a very deep gravity well that's not quite a black hole, I'd expect incoming light to be extremely blue shifted when hitting a stationary object.
Inside a black hole though, to the limited extent that I understand it, there is no bottom to the gravity well (the distance to the "center" is infinite), and there's no such thing as "stationary". An object that wasn't shredded on entry will continue accelerating, which would tend to red-shift the blue-shifted light, so I'm unsure what the net result would be.
Henry