
Another antievolution bill has just been
introduced in the New Mexico House:
AN ACT
RELATING TO PUBLIC EDUCATION; PROVIDING FOR PROTECTION OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS REGARDING THE TEACHING OF CONTROVERSIAL SCIENTIFIC TOPICS.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO:
SECTION 1. A new section of the Public School Code is enacted to read:
"[NEW MATERIAL] TEACHING OF CONTROVERSIAL SCIENTIFIC TOPICS.--
A. The department, school district governing authorities and school administrators shall not prohibit any teacher, when a controversial scientific topic is being taught in accordance with adopted standards and curricula, from informing students about relevant scientific information regarding either the scientific strengths or scientific weaknesses pertaining to that topic. A teacher who chooses to provide such information shall be protected from reassignment, termination, discipline or other discrimination for doing so.
B. This section only protects the teaching of scientific information and specifically does not protect the promotion of any religion, religious doctrine or religious belief.
C. Public school teachers may hold students accountable for knowing and understanding material taught in accordance with adopted standards and curricula, but public school teachers shall not penalize a student in any way because that student subscribes to a particular position on the controversial scientific topic being taught.
D. For purposes of this section:
(1) "controversial scientific topic" includes biological origins, biological evolution, causes of climate change, human cloning and other scientific topics that are often viewed by society as controversial; and
(2) "scientific information" means information derived from observation, experimentation and analyses regarding various aspects of the natural world conducted to determine the nature of or principles behind the aspects being studied. "Scientific information" may include information that coincides or harmonizes with religious tenets, but does not include information derived from religious writings, beliefs or doctrines."
Analysis below the fold.
The proposed legislation is not needed by New Mexico's students or
teachers. New Mexico's existing standards already protect students from
religious indoctrination or harassment by their teachers. Furthermore,
the bill is unconstitutional as written, and its passage and enactment
will almost certainly result in expensive litigation.
The bill is not original with New Mexicans, but instead, clearly
inspired by the "Intelligent Design" movement; for example, the pro-ID
think tank, Seattle's Discovery Institute, promotes a
"model" bill that
says
"Students may be evaluated based upon their understanding of course
materials, but no student in any public school or institution of higher
education shall be penalized in any way because he or she may subscribe
to a particular position on any views regarding biological or chemical
evolution. ... Nothing in this act shall be construed as promoting any
religious doctrine, promoting discrimination for or against a particular
set of religious beliefs, or promoting discrimination for or against
religion or non-religion."
(Source:
http://www.academicfreedompetition.com/freedom.php, by Casey Luskin,
cluskin@discovery.org, program officer for public policy and legal
affairs at Discovery Institute.)
Compare this to Sections 1.B and 1.C of the proposed New Mexico bill,
HB0302:
"This section only protects the teaching of scientific
information and specifically does not protect the promotion of any
religion, religious doctrine or religious belief. Public school teachers
may hold students accountable for knowing and understanding material
taught in accordance with adopted standards and curricula, but public
school teachers shall not penalize a student in any way because that
student subscribes to a particular position on the controversial
scientific topic being taught."
This bill suffers from the same problems as its
predecessor, SB433,
which was scuttled in the 2009 session. One serious problem is that
teachers would be forced to pass students who described evolution on a
biology test simply as "too complicated to happen naturally, proving God
did it."
A second problem was critical in
New Mexico's Public Education Department (PED) warnings about the failed 2009 legislation:
"Although the bill's definition of 'scientific information' excludes information derived from religious or philosophical writings, beliefs or doctrines,
SB 433 goes on to say that scientific information may have religious or
philosophical implications and remain scientific in nature. The PED
analysis states that this point would allow the teaching of theories of
biological origins such as intelligent design or creationism."
The new bill, HB0302, no longer mentions "religious or philosophical
implications," but now reads "
'Scientific information' may include
information that coincides or harmonizes with religious tenets, but does
not include information derived from religious writings, beliefs or
doctrines." Clearly, this would
not alleviate the state's concerns about the bill allowing the teaching of intelligent design or
creationism.
The major difference between the new bill and previous legislation is
its addition of climate change and human cloning to "controversial
scientific topics" like biological evolution. These topics are not
"controversial" as regards scientific accuracy -- whether these things
are actually happening -- but instead, simply in regard to their
association with particular religious and/or partisan viewpoints.
HB0302 is a train wreck waiting to happen. I hope it doesn't get out
of committee.
Please, no massive letter campaigns yet. Let's see if and when it's going to committee.
162 Comments
Dave Thomas · 2 February 2011
NCSE has picked up the story!
Read up on the last time this came around to NM, here.
Dave
eric · 2 February 2011
Robin · 2 February 2011
Dave,
While I like your tone and approach (very concise, non-emotional, and straight to the point), I can't help but get a kick out of the way the Serious Curmudgeon takes the gloves off. :)
Elisheva Levin · 2 February 2011
I am a resident of New Mexico and taught high school biology here for about 10 years before leaving the field. I don't think the bill will make it out of committee, and I suspect that there will be little debate about it. New Mexico is facing some serious economic issues that will take most of the attention of the voters and legislators alike.
I taught in a conservative school district for a number of years, and I had no trouble teaching evolution according to the state standards then in place. I told the kids that it was my responsibility to teach them the organizing theory for biology and they would be graded on their understanding of the theory, and not on their personal beliefs about it. I had NO complaints from either students or parents. Similar standards now apply in New Mexico, and still require that the theory of evolution be taught in biology. The bill is indeed unnecessary and is unenforcible to boot. It is fluff in a legislative session that is chock full of real issues.
As for the issues of climate change, I presume the controversy comes in regarding the claim that human activity is causing the current climate change. This is a fairly new claim that has not been substantiated, and is not the organizing theory of any scientific field. It is not at all in the same category as evolution by natural selection and for the people who put the bill together to put the two side-by-side makes them appear even more clueless. I suppose some discussion of the idea might be appropriate in a historical geology class, but since such courses are not taught at the K-12 level, and since science gets short shrift K-6 due to increasing teaching to the tests brought on by NCLB, I don't think it is even an issue in most teacher's minds. Just finding time for elementary teachers to teach science is a much bigger issue.
As for human cloning, this is the height of fluff. It might have been mentioned in passing by some biology teacher somewhere, but it is not really a subject necessary to the teaching of the biological sciences.
The Curmudgeon · 2 February 2011
Richard Hector · 2 February 2011
I often come here read and don't comment, but this issue struck me and forces this comment. I teach undergraduate courses in epidemiology and health promotion where I stress the scientific method. What bothers me about the proposed bill is scientific "controversy" is linked to what society considers controversial. It struck me because I think the standard should be what researchers in that particular field considers controversial. Epidemiology and health promotion take place in a societal context, but must follow scientific methods to be effective. It takes great effort (for me anyway) to follow the arguments in my field. Following the arguments would be impossible if yardstick was the judgment of society in general. Many of the arguments we encounter here (Arizona) are passion stuffed in strawmen.
DavidK · 2 February 2011
Don't items B and D(2) specifically negate the intent of the whole bill? The opponents are religion based and they have no scientific evidence whatsoever.
mrg · 2 February 2011
It would be interesting to know how often such bills are introduced countrywide and how often they make it to the floor of the legislature. One time in five? One time in ten? NCSE tracks this sort of tomfoolery and probably would know.
truther · 2 February 2011
Let's not conflate massive AGW as a theory with evolution. It is entirely consistent to be skeptical about AGW based on scientific evidence (while granting the great majority view does not agree). This is quite different than the long history of evolutionary theory based on data AND the ability to PREDICT based on the data.
I don't care to get into a climate change debate here...but I do object to the cavalier dismissal of AGW as "non-controversial" by Mr. Thomas.
mrg · 2 February 2011
I'm still retaining a modest skepticism over AGW ...
... however, this viewpoint becomes ever more difficult to maintain over time, since the mindset and tactics of most of the climate denialist community are so uncomfortably similar to those of the creationist community.
I was just over on PHYSORG pointing out to a denialist that he was citing a study out of context; he ignored the feedback except to shift the goalposts. "Why am I not surprised?"
Certainly, while it isn't a good bet that a climate denialist is necessarily a creationist, it's a pretty fair bet that a creationist is a climate denialist. "Then scientists don't know nuttin'!"
Mike Elzinga · 2 February 2011
Gerry L · 2 February 2011
Upon seeing this story pop up in my news feeds and here on Panda's Thumb, I had a thought: Unlike milk, stupid has no expiration date.
mrg · 2 February 2011
"The difference between genius and stupidity is that genius has limits."
Dave Thomas · 2 February 2011
There is more stupidity than hydrogen in the universe, and it has a longer shelf life. ~ Frank Zappa
Dale Husband · 2 February 2011
raven · 2 February 2011
Bryan Elliott · 2 February 2011
In my opinion, a good teacher shouldn't have a problem with this bill. It appears to be worded such that, intentionally or not, an instructor can still fail a student for failing to understand evolutionary theory, independent of their expressed belief in its falsehood.
That's kinda lame, and it opens up teachers to lawsuits - but if I were a teacher, that would be my defense: The student lacked a demonstrable understanding of evolutionary theory. "I didn't care what his beliefs were, as they were not pertinent to the class."
ckc (not kc) · 2 February 2011
...an instructor can still fail a student for failing to understand evolutionary theory, independent of their expressed belief in its falsehood.
...the problem, of course, is that a teacher can "legitimately" pass a student who fails to understand evolutionary theory.
The Founding Mothers · 3 February 2011
Should be pretty easy to shoot this whole thing down in flames. IDcreationism (YEC or OEC) has no scientific basis (just ask Judge Jones), therefore cannot be taught or accepted in class or tests according to the above Bill.
There is no scientific controversy surrounding the TOE by natural selection. None of the proposed alternatives have any scientific basis, so can't be taught. There's no scientific controversy surrounding human cloning either. There may be ethical controversies, but those are for another class.
As others have pointed out, the Bill is full of internal inconsistencies, which strongly suggests it was put forward by an ideologist, not a scientist.
Defining a "controversial scientific topic" as those "that are often viewed by society as controversial" is a dangerous precedent. This is probably the scariest part of the Bill.
harold · 3 February 2011
Karen S. · 3 February 2011
eric · 3 February 2011
harold · 3 February 2011
VJBinCT · 3 February 2011
You know, a savvy law firm could just about make a career out of prosecuting suits against state BOEs and school districts that pass such regulation. Were I an evil lawyer, I could be tempted to be the serpent whispering in the fundamentalists ears, 'Here's a surefire way to get children taught the way you want.' And then trounce them once the regulations passed. BWA-HA-HA!
mrg · 3 February 2011
GvlGeologist, FCD · 3 February 2011
To continue to pile on Elisheva Levin and truther:
Here are some links that I developed for my classes and for a public speech I gave a couple of years ago on climate change, as well as a letter to the editor that appeared last year. Hopefully these will help you understand that the facts behind AGW and global climate change are in fact very well known and accepted by the scientific community. This doesn't mean that we know everything about these topics, but we do know enough to act on them.
(Note: I've removed the "http://" from each link.)
people.sfcollege.edu/greg.mead/globalclimate/GlobalClimateTeachin.htm
people.sfcollege.edu/greg.mead/globalclimate/OrganizationsGlobalWarmingStatements.htm
www.gainesville.com/article/20100217/NEWS/100219498?p=all&tc=pgall
The Founding Mothers · 3 February 2011
FL · 3 February 2011
The Founding Mothers · 3 February 2011
Bobsie · 3 February 2011
IIRC, there is substantial evidence that historical climate change has resulted in mass extinctions. So it is not out of the realm of possibilities and off the table. If you choose to just fiddle through our current climate dynamics without any thoughts of solutions, you just must be resigned to that same fate. Many others have a highly tuned self preservation instinct that will generate a bursts of creativity.
RBH · 3 February 2011
RBH · 3 February 2011
Terenzio the Troll · 3 February 2011
FL · 3 February 2011
fnxtr · 3 February 2011
As was mentioned above, doesn't Kitzmiller et al... mean the so-called ideas of the ID (bowel) movement are specifically prohibited by this bill?
eric · 3 February 2011
CJColucci · 3 February 2011
As written, the bill is toothless and pointless. Honestly administered, it would change nothing. But it is nevertheless objectionable as a wink-wink, nudge-nudge to people who will use it as a signal of permission to screw around.
OgreMkV · 3 February 2011
mrg · 3 February 2011
harold · 3 February 2011
raven · 3 February 2011
Stanton · 3 February 2011
Stanton · 3 February 2011
raven · 3 February 2011
eric · 3 February 2011
eric · 3 February 2011
raven · 3 February 2011
Mike Elzinga · 3 February 2011
nmgirl · 3 February 2011
"If New Mexico wants to teach controversial hypothetical topics to kids in science classes, why not add the presence of vampires, reanimation of dead bodies, cyborgs, and human-UFO alien matings."
Kids might actuallyt find this interesting!
"It’s almost like whoever drafted the bill has no idea what actually has been happening in science for the last 50 years and watches too much Fox News."
I doubt the representative wrote the bill. I suspect it was handed to him by someone who just loves the DI.
The Founding Mothers · 3 February 2011
mrg · 3 February 2011
Dave Thomas · 3 February 2011
Mike Elzinga · 3 February 2011
harold · 3 February 2011
midwifetoad · 3 February 2011
nmgirl · 3 February 2011
mrg · 3 February 2011
mrg · 3 February 2011
FL · 3 February 2011
Dave Thomas · 3 February 2011
Robin · 3 February 2011
OgreMkV · 3 February 2011
Mike Elzinga · 3 February 2011
Dale Husband · 3 February 2011
harold · 3 February 2011
harold · 3 February 2011
OgreMkV is correct.
FL has made claims that ID is scientific.
When pressed to explain, he has rapidly disappeared.
harold · 3 February 2011
This is not off topic, since the bill mentions climate change.
Most climate change denialists will go through the following series of mutually contradictory statements, often in the same thread, or even in the same post.
1) There is no such thing as climate change and all the stated concern is a conspiracy.
2) There is climate change but humans have nothing to do with it.
3) There is climate change, humans may contribute, but it will be beneficial.
4) There is climate change, humans may contribute, it may not be so beneficial to future
suckersgenerations, but it is too expensive and/or too late to do anything about it now.mrg · 3 February 2011
MosesZD · 3 February 2011
NASA Kepler finds family of habitable zone, Earth-size planets
http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/nasa-kepler-finds-family-habitable-earth-size
So much for Guillermo Gonzalez and the rest of the anthropomorphic universe people... Well, if they were honest... But like deniers and zealots anywhere, mere facts are not likely to change their minds...
MosesZD · 3 February 2011
Is 'FL' Larry Farfarman? I've often wondered...
mrg · 3 February 2011
MosesZD · 3 February 2011
FL · 3 February 2011
It's all still there, Ogre. That's the nice nice thing about ATBC: The back-page stuff stays in the fridge for a good long time.
But no need to go warm it up now. The states are open primarily for critical-thinking science standards like those of Tx and La, instead of other proposals. And that's good enough for any domino player, honestly.
(Gotta play a few double-ones now, in order to collect all them double-sixes later!!!)
FL
MosesZD · 3 February 2011
Stanton · 3 February 2011
Stanton · 3 February 2011
OgreMkV · 3 February 2011
OgreMkV · 3 February 2011
Oh yeah, I'll add that I read your entire debate thread in December FL. I can assure you that there is no mention of what you claim is there.
The claim is also in that thread, but there is no evidence or even information presented.
You did talk a little bit about Privileged Planet which was easily and quickly dispensed with. So, your entire evidence is one opinion that doesn't even make sense when applied to the rest of the known universe.
(sorry for the derail. If FL is man enough to return to ATBC, then we can continue there.)
ben · 3 February 2011
Dale Husband · 3 February 2011
Just Bob · 3 February 2011
Stanton · 3 February 2011
FL · 3 February 2011
Mike Elzinga · 3 February 2011
FL is still putting on airs and pretending to know all about science.
Dale Husband · 4 February 2011
Robert Byers · 4 February 2011
New Mexico is keeping up with the New and growing public activism to demand their schools teach the truth on all subjects and so in origin subjects teach both sides as they are the common opinions in the nation.
More attention, more publicity, more reaction (an old word) from a pressed establishment.
God and Genesis can not be illegal in school subjects, biology/geology etc, unless the state is givcing a official opinion they are WRONG ideas. if the state does that then its breaking the separation concept it invokes to censor creationism in science classes .
How is my logic wrong here?
Are you guys SURE the Very Protestant/Puritan Yankees and southerners of yore really banned God and Genesis from 1700's education.?!
Really!!!
Dale Husband · 4 February 2011
Dave Thomas · 4 February 2011
The Founding Mothers · 4 February 2011
Elizabeth Liddle · 4 February 2011
It seems to be based on the misguided notion that science teaching is primarily about learning facts, rather than theories - about transmitting a body of knowledge rather than a methodology.
It isn't (or shouldn't be, IMO). In principle, you could teach an excellent science program based on a fictional physics. It might be a good idea.
Terenzio the Troll · 4 February 2011
Terenzio the Troll · 4 February 2011
mrg · 4 February 2011
Paul Burnett · 4 February 2011
Stanton · 4 February 2011
harold · 4 February 2011
eric · 4 February 2011
OgreMkV · 4 February 2011
Texas actually has a law requiring schools to offer bible courses. No school (to my knowledge) has ever done so.
Because of the requirements for TAKS and the fact that most students can't be bothered to take any electives (most would rather go home early), it's kind of a moot point.
DavidK · 4 February 2011
harold · 4 February 2011
eric · 4 February 2011
Elizabeth Liddle · 4 February 2011
Dave Thomas · 4 February 2011
I've a page for News Updates on HB 302 on the NMSR website.
Mike Elzinga · 4 February 2011
Flint · 4 February 2011
I suspect the average student is much more comfortable with a package of certainties than with conditional and provisional claims founded on a method which is often difficult to relate directly to the "certainties" it produced. At least the students I went to school with wanted to know whether a claim was right or wrong. In desperation, they tended to decide that "maybe" was the same as "wrong".
And this preference tied in nicely with the convenient way factual claims are simple to test and those tests are simple to grade. Saying "you got a C because you answered too many questions wrong" is much easier to understand than "you got a C because your understanding of the underlying process is incorrect or incomplete." That approach would just cause students to demand to know what IS the Right Answer. "Maybe" is simply not a selectable alternative on an exam.
The tactic of presenting bogus science and demanding that uninformed students judge what amounts to a swearing contest, is explicitly and carefully designed to elimiate scientific reasoning, in favor of choosing the more trusted authority. And how can you trust any authority whose claims are admittedly provisional and tentative?
Mike Elzinga · 4 February 2011
harold · 4 February 2011
Elizabeth Liddle -
I think everyone agrees with you.
The method without the facts is worth more than the facts (some of which may not stay facts) without the method. The method is where we got the facts, most of which are well-established, from.
But they do go best together.
harold · 4 February 2011
Paul Burnett · 4 February 2011
Mike Elzinga · 4 February 2011
OgreMkV · 4 February 2011
Mike's got it. This is what I do. When I talk about standardized tests, the smallest group that my division works for is a county (and that's only 1). We normally work only at the state level or groups of states (in the Race to the Top consoritia). We have huge teams of psycometricians to statistically verify these things.
Both the high and the low end of the tests run into trouble. If a kid gets every item correct, then we really can't tell where he is knowledge wise.
With the consortia system in Race to the Top, there will be near universal validity for the high stakes exams and many of the diagnostic exams. Hopefully, this will provide teachers with the ability to know exactly where each student needs help.
BTW: There is considerable effort to emply flash and other programming to generate what we call "innovative" items that incorporate everything from assembling a chemistry apparatus to graphing data obtained from the experiment. These are very complicated and expensive items, but they can almost get to 'lab practical' depths of knowledge.
Sylvilagus · 4 February 2011
OgreMkV · 4 February 2011
Sylvilagus · 4 February 2011
Sylvilagus · 4 February 2011
OgreMkV · 4 February 2011
W. H. Heydt · 4 February 2011
I will defer about details about multiple choice tests (and like Mr. Elzinga, I've called them "multiple guess" for decades), but I can share some direct experience...
Most multiple choice tests I've encountered are poorly constructed because, out of the usual 4 possible answers, at least one is so far out that a reasonably intelligent rock would avoid it. Not infrequently, two out of four choices fall in this category, and sometimes it's three.
As a not-real-test example, many years ago _Science Digest_ had little quizzes. In one devoted to photography, a question was about acronyms. One of the possible answers was, "ASA and DIN are a Teutonic god and his thunderbolt."
My experience is that I could score reasonably well--around 80% of max score--even in subjects that I had no particular subject knowledge of, just by picking the most reasonable answer.
--W. H. Heydt
Old Used Programmer
Mike Elzinga · 4 February 2011
OgreMkV · 4 February 2011
jackstraw · 4 February 2011
Mike Elzinga · 5 February 2011
Maya · 5 February 2011
Chris Lawson · 5 February 2011
harold · 5 February 2011
JGB · 5 February 2011
Bias is certainly an issue, along with what does it predict. I'd like to raise the serious concern I've developed in the last year or so, that many of these tests don't even pass a simple validity test. I have been able to compare two consecutive years of students in my physics class. Based on observations of my own tests, and direct observations one of the two classes was vastly superior in mathematics capability. This is buttressed by the students placements in math classes. The one group as a whole is fairly close to being an entire year farther along on the math sequence.
The punch line is that on two different standardized tests (one state administered the other the ERB exam) the lower ability students scored had a higher fraction of students rate as "proficient or better" and by most easily extractable measures they did better on the test, than the higher ability group.
The magnitude with which the test results fail to match reality is stunning. I'm somewhat fortunate in that our test scores in general are high enough to generally make this a non-issue.
OgreMkV · 5 February 2011
stevaroni · 6 February 2011
Robert Byers · 7 February 2011
Robert Byers · 7 February 2011
Robert Byers · 7 February 2011
Robert Byers · 7 February 2011
Dale Husband · 7 February 2011
Dale Husband · 7 February 2011
Terenzio the Troll · 7 February 2011
ben · 7 February 2011
Amadan · 7 February 2011
Paul Burnett · 7 February 2011
mrg · 7 February 2011
SWT · 7 February 2011
Darth Robo · 7 February 2011
---"Creationism is censored in America"
That must be why they can't shut-up then.
---"Teach away. A fair hearing is what creationism wants and will gain from."
It has. It did. It lost. Numerous times in fact. Creationism has lost every court case and has contributed nothing in the scientific arena. Period. And with good reason. So while creationism remains just another baseless claim made by religious reality denying fruitcakes (and I would bet my space at the Holy Beer Volcano on it), it is not taught in public school science classes for the exact same reason Flat Earth isn't. Religion is illegal to teach in public schools.
mrg · 7 February 2011
Terenzio the Troll · 7 February 2011
Stanton · 7 February 2011
DS · 7 February 2011
Again however. This, or my logic, has nothing to do with grammar here. its all about banning grammar. The constitution and laws are not being claimed to have established only for grammar in schools. They are saying good grammar is banned period. by constitution. Thats my point . First drop the grammar stuff and then make a case grammar isn’t good etc. First things first.
Just for kicks, someone should add up the number of grammatical and self contradictory errors that bobby has made in this one short pseudo paragraph. You really have to work hard to get things this wrong. And this guy wants to control science education in a country he doesn't even live in!
keep diggin that hole deeper bobby boy we love it
J. Biggs · 7 February 2011
Something similar to this is going on in Oklahoma with SB 554. It is sad to see what the 'Conservatives' do when they get a little power. In the end their agenda doesn't seem to have as much to do with helping the economy as it does in dictating their morality.
J. Biggs · 7 February 2011
I was pleased to see how many Oklahomans reacted to the news in one of the reddest newspapers in the country. It seems that most of the people reacting to the story stand firmly behind sound science.
eric · 7 February 2011
Science Avenger · 7 February 2011
Darth Robo · 7 February 2011
Darth Robo · 7 February 2011
JASONMITCHELL · 7 February 2011
tupelo · 8 February 2011
While, in theory, I laud your tolerance of insane shites like Mr. Byers and nothing-but-shits like fl, I've reached some point where even scrolling past these pointless trolls' posts is excessively annoying.
It's your site, so your policy is law, but I cannot enjoy the many very interesting posts and exchanges here (like the informed discussion of standardized testing that is here) while shites are allowed to disrupt it with the same, same, same, same bullshit.
I'll check back in, weekly, but be leaving immediately on seeing either of these banned-everywhere-else trolls in the comments.
Thanks for your work, of course, but I hope you decide to simply ban these asshats.
Dale Husband · 8 February 2011
mrg · 8 February 2011
Come now. Byers provides amusement for those who enjoy mocking him, and he hardly generates an endless stream of postings. One gets the impression that what he does post represents the limit of his capability.
Dave Thomas · 9 February 2011
stevaroni · 9 February 2011
Henry J · 9 February 2011
Also, as far as I know Galileo wasn't trying to teach his material to kids, nor was he trying to bypass the opinions those more qualified to evaluate what he was saying.
Rolf Aalberg · 12 February 2011
DavidK · 12 February 2011
David Fickett-Wilbar · 13 February 2011
Sylvilagus · 14 February 2011
Terenzio the Troll · 14 February 2011