A favorite creationist mantra these days, and one you especially hear from young earthers, is that creationists and scientists both have the same facts, they just look at them differently. To laypeople that may sound reasonable. The handful of guys at Answers in Genesis look at the Grand Canyon and say it was formed by a flood about 4400 years ago when God got all pissed off at humans. The 24,000 members of the Geological Society of America (and virtually every member of the literally dozens of geological organizations listed at
their web site*) look at the Grand Canyon and say it was formed over millions of years by natural processes that continue today.
Same facts; different conclusions. Some of us laypeople often hear these two positions and see them as equally valid positions on either side of a debate. But some of us scratch the surface, and it doesn't take a very deep scratch to see a significant difference. Scientists do science and creationists don't.
I'm currently making my way through the December 2010
Evolution: Education & Outreach, a special issue dealing with the teaching of phylogenetics. On page 507 in an article titled "How to Read a Phylogenetic Tree," by Deborah A. McLennan, I came across the following. "...butterflies can be distinguished from cats and people because they have an exoskeleton made out of chitin (a tough, waterproof derivative of glucose)." This was one of those "how do they know that" moments for me. Having read Genetics for Dummies and other books in my efforts to start getting a handle on genetics, I'm really getting into how genetic relationships reveal evolutionary history. Could this be another one of those cases?
But first I wanted to at least know what chitin is. Wikipedia says it "is the main component of the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods such as crustaceans." Interesting enough. It also says in terms of function it's comparable to the protein keratin, and that it has several useful medical and industrial applications. Neat-o! But what about evolution? Does evolution have anything to say about where this stuff came from?
Plugging "evolution of chitin" in Google returns a bunch of links, and the very
first one I clicked on said, "[a]nalysis of a group of invertebrate proteins, including chitinases and peritrophic matrix proteins, reveals the presence of chitin-binding domains that share significant amino acid sequence similarity. The data suggest that these domains evolved from a common ancestor which may be a protein containing a single chitin-binding domain." So it looks like these researchers have a pretty good idea about chitin's history, and where it came from.
But the abstract also says that "comparisons indicated that invertebrate and plant chitin binding domains do not share significant amino acid sequence similarity, suggesting that they are not coancestral...We propose that the invertebrate and the plant chitin-binding domains share similar mechanisms for folding and saccharide binding and that they evolved by convergent evolution."
So this research concludes that chitin in invertebrates evolved from a common ancestor, but invertebrate and plant chitin evolved independently.
Want to know
more? how about a possible history of the stuff in humans traced all the way back "to the time of the bilaterian expansion (approx. 550 mya)." Furthermore, this paper documents some real twists and turns in chitin's history: "The family expanded in the chitinous protostomes C. elegans and D. melanogaster, declined in early deuterostomes as chitin synthesis disappeared, and expanded again in late deuterostomes with a significant increase in gene number after the avian/mammalian split." Someone has clearly done their homework!
This little exercise took me about 15 minutes, and I learned a little bit about chitin: what it is and got a glimpse into where it came from and how scientists are learning its history. Scientists doing science.
What do creationists say about chitin? I plugged the term in the search engine at
Answers in Genesis and found an article called "
What a Body!" by Professor Wolfgang Kuhn, who describes chitin as a "wonder substance" composed of protein and sugar. He further describes it as a "miracle body" and says that "even if we could produce chitin itself, all our modern technology would be unable to imitate this fine microstructure so as to make a sports car body out of it, for instance."
What is the takeaway message of Kuhn's article? "Next time you see this humble beetle, consider the incredible amount of programmed information needed just to construct this super-high-tech marvel, its outer coat. Such information is passed on generation after generation, silent testimony to the Master Programmer."
Creationism is so easy! When the earth is only a few thousand years old, and plants, animals, everything on earth has no real history or past different from the present, it's enough to call things "wonder substance" and "miracle body". Poof! God did it... class dismissed.
I've often read creationists complain about the amounts of funding real scientists receive and how much is distributed by the NIH and the NSF. If only creationists had this kind of funding, they could do amazing research! But would they?
Answers in Genesis, perhaps the most visible and well-funded anti-evolution organization in the country, spent approximately $27 million building its creation "museum" in Kentucky. AiG is presently raising money for their latest venture, a Noah's Ark theme park, estimated to cost $24.5 million when completed. I have a suggestion for Ken Ham and the folks at AiG. Why not spend a fraction of that 24 and a half million to actually do a scientific experiment? For instance: build a real ark, fill it with animals just like Noah is claimed to have done and float it out in the ocean for a year to test the hypothesis. Think of all the converts that would win when it worked! Hell, I'd get saved myself!
I emailed
Dr. John Hawks at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and asked him about funding scientific research and he replied, "Last year NIH spent $8 million on the Cancer Genome Atlas, bringing it to a total of $43 million. This project works on the principle that cancer cells are engaged in an evolutionary process in the body that will often be convergent in different people, so that building a systematic atlas of the genes involved will help us understand and find effective strategies to treat different cancers."
So for less than the cost of two huge, embarrassing testaments to ignorance and misinformation AiG could have funded something like the entire Cancer Genome Atlas. But then again, at the creation "museum" they have a
Triceratops with a saddle!
It's clear that for a fraction of what the creationist organizations spend on propaganda, they could easily fund lab work and research to publish evidence of their claims. But what they do publish is nothing more than distortions of real research. PZ Myers exposes a typical example about, coincidentally,
chitin.
Even some lower-tier creationists pull down some pretty serious dough.
Eric Hovind, son of federal prison inmate and notorious huckster Kent Hovind, is raising $1.5 million to make a film about the book of Genesis. In the 2011 Winter issue of his publication Creation Today, Son of Hovind claims he's raised over $255,000.
Well, Eric Hovind has a high tech studio he makes his videos in, and I bet he has a few computers around there. What more does he need? Reed Cartwright, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, tells me, "For a lot of computational genomics research, the data is already available and the only costs are for computers and salaries. And purchasing time on supercomputers is currently cheap." So here's another suggestion: Why doesn't Hovind fund a couple of creationist geneticists to do some research when his computers are otherwise unoccupied? I'm sure he'd discover that every species on earth went through a genetic bottleneck about 4400 years ago that reduced the entire population to just two individuals ... on a boat. Right, Eric?
Opportunities abound for creationists to fund real scientific research. Nick Matzke sent me
this link. Use the Award Search feature and spend a few minutes checking out all the great research done on much smaller budgets than a theme park, or feature length film production.
Maybe scientists and creationists have the same facts. But if they do, it's because one of those groups actually cared enough about truth to find out what the facts were. It's not the creationists. Only one of those groups selfishly obsesses over their personal beliefs to the point of ignoring and distorting legitimate scientific research to further a social and theological agenda. And it's not the scientists.
Note: As has been pointed out to me, what I have discovered in these papers is research on the evolution of chitin-binding proteins, not chitin itself. This layperson has learned that chitin is made from and digested by proteins that do evolve, and that's what the research I found was all about.
* I say 'virtually' because with the tens, or hundreds, of thousands of members across all those organizations there are probably a couple of young-earthers. But I'll bet you can't find one geologist, anywhere, who thinks the earth is six thousand years old who doesn't regard the Bible (or whatever their favorite holy text is) as without error.
(Finally, this piece is cross-posted to my brand new blog,
sciencedenial.com, so come on over to my place and give me some of your Internet love, you bunch of bad low motor scooters.)
85 Comments
Karen S. · 26 December 2011
Rolf · 26 December 2011
Rolf · 26 December 2011
Sorry about typing inside the quote...
https://me.yahoo.com/a/K.2IylVy2.ffSbYUSrrYtSqM0Z0-#3d5d8 · 26 December 2011
chriscaprette · 26 December 2011
Skip,
I'm pretty sure that the first paper to which you linked deals with the evolution of digestive enzymes and accessory molecules in the digestive system. Chitinases are enzymes that hydrolyze chitin and the peritrophic protein matrix is a complex of extracellular molecules that is secreted around food in the gut. It can include chitin fibers (carbohydrates) but the paper is referring to the proteins in the matrix rather than the carbohydrates. Have you read the rest of the paper? (I haven't, so I'm just curious if there is something that they inferred that I missed from the abstract.) Do they infer indirectly about the evolution of chitin by studying the binding domains of proteins that digest it? That would be pretty cool.
apokryltaros · 26 December 2011
Skip · 26 December 2011
chriscaprette · 26 December 2011
Karen S. · 26 December 2011
Skip · 26 December 2011
Frank J · 26 December 2011
Paul Hunter · 26 December 2011
Good morning
I'm a structural engineer and my hobby is naval history.
Even the biggest of the 5,000-6,000-ton wooden battleships of the mid- to late 19th century and the 5,000-ton wooden motorships constructed in the United States during World War I did not exceed 340 feet in length or 60 feet in width. The longest of these ships, the Mersey-class frigates (335 feet by 60 feet) , were unsuccessful, and one, HMS Orlando, showed signs of structural failure after an 1863 voyage to the United States. The Orlando was scrapped in 1871 and the Mersey soon after. Both the Mersey-class frigates and the largest of the wooden battleships, the 121-gun Victoria class, required internal iron strapping to support the hull, as did many other ships of this kind. In short, the construction and use histories of these ships indicated that they were already pushing or had exceeded the practical limits for the size of wooden ships."
(Asia's Undersea Archeology, Richard Gould, NOVA, PBS Television article)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_world's_largest_wooden_ships
Ken Ham's Noah’s Ark (450×75 ft) will be a large wooden building on solid ground and will have to meet structural design codes for public safety. They have hired The Troyer Group has expertise in architectural, engineering, interior design, landscape http://www.troyergroup.com/pages/corporateInfo/news/
So for eight Goat Herders (and 70 years) to build a boat from Gopher Wood it seems god would indeed need to work another miracle.
raven · 26 December 2011
Paul Burnett · 26 December 2011
raven · 26 December 2011
raven · 26 December 2011
https://www.google.com/accounts/o8/id?id=AItOawmDF2_7wonyY_u_auMIsrtmQEe-yFB5ZBM · 26 December 2011
It is this simple: Young-Earth anti-evolutionists and [Supernatural] "Intelligent Design" theorists both like to pretend and assert (implicitly if not explicitly) that professionally-active scientists who today seriously doubt evolution stack-up against professionally-active scientists who today accept evolution the way that SIX-OF-ONE stacks-up against HALF-A-DOZEN of the other -- when in actual fact the con-evolution scientists today stack-up against the pro-evolution scientists the way that HALF-OF-ONE stacks-up against SIX-DOZEN-OF-THE-OTHER (that is, on the order of 0.83% vs. 99.17%)!
That of course does not make the majority right, but it does render severely errant the [mis]representation of con-pro opinion-parity among professionally active scientists today on the question the efficacy of evolution to produce naturally the diversity of life that Earth presently hosts and has hosted.
-- Frank Lovell [I don't know why I am characterized here as "masked"]
phhht · 26 December 2011
Daniel · 26 December 2011
Creationists missed a big opportunity to do science when radioactivity was discovered. They could have had whole labs coming up with new ways to use radioactivity to age rocks and strata as well as organic materials and to prove how young the earth was. Instead, they don't do any of the science, even now, and just snipe, cherry-pick and misrepresent people doing real science. Where are all the YEC dating labs and geochronologists?
It is possible though that there were some young earth folks who started work on this, and soon realized the earth was ancient so changed their beliefs to match the evidence.
Just Bob · 26 December 2011
chriscaprette · 26 December 2011
apokryltaros · 26 December 2011
Paul Burnett · 26 December 2011
DavidK · 26 December 2011
They don't need to do the funding schtick for research, they don't do research as noted herein. What they excel at is spinning their 'tails' based on their 'holey' factual good book that people are so desperate to believe in as the literal truth of god. They don't need evidence per se, as scientists do, and they resent any effort to discredit their beliefs in these silly museums, arks, etc. Revelation by wackos suffices for them, and it's a win/win situation for them as they can dismiss science as simply anti-religion rhetoric by the atheist crowd.
prongs · 26 December 2011
Just Bob · 26 December 2011
apokryltaros · 26 December 2011
Skip · 26 December 2011
apokryltaros · 26 December 2011
apokryltaros · 26 December 2011
dalehusband · 26 December 2011
Creationists do not have any supporting facts. They have unchanging dogmas and put themselves in the position of trying to explain away the facts that would otherwise discredit their dogmas. If this were done in any other field of study, it would be considered FRAUD!
Mike Elzinga · 26 December 2011
Frank J · 26 December 2011
apokryltaros · 26 December 2011
raven · 26 December 2011
One of the oddest things about the Big Boat myth is that it was a near total failure.
We now know that 99+% of all animal life on earth is extinct, including all our nonavian dinosaurs. For a salvage operation that is a catastrophe. And this is despite heavy supernatural support from a deity whenever the plot bogged down.
Karen S. · 26 December 2011
Pierce R. Butler · 26 December 2011
Just Bob · 26 December 2011
The main thing that I don't get about the flood myth is why an omnipotent god would need human help (ark builders and animal tenders) to accomplish his divine will (near-complete genocide and genera-cide). Assuming, as creationists must, that he didn't really NEED Noah's help, then why would he WANT it? What was the point?
And I still don't get the whole point of a flood. Couldn't God just kill or disappear or something all those people and other creatures? Some creationist help me out here.
And while we're at it, is God going to destroy the world before long? If so, why bother promising not to flood it again? We won't be drowned, but burnt to death? Gee, thanks. Praise the Lord.
apokryltaros · 26 December 2011
xubist · 27 December 2011
https://me.yahoo.com/a/K.2IylVy2.ffSbYUSrrYtSqM0Z0-#3d5d8 · 27 December 2011
Creationists aren't scientists, they're armchair critics (and hate being reminded of that particular fact).
When weighing up their evidence against a young Earth, I like the image of creationists attempting to demolish the Himalayas by attacking them with a toothbrush. Just about as effective, I believe.
Robert Byers · 27 December 2011
I am YEC.
the author of the thread says creationists don't care and evolutionary researchers do about gathering the facts.
If the facts are gathered and published they belong to the public.
So creationists can take these facts and by investigation come to different conclusions and present it to the public.
There is no attempt here to steal copyright.
Its fair and square to take on authority or existing paradigms with better ideas and investigation.
YEC makes its case on the merits and on the merits it should be.
We welcome facts and new facts as it is always to out gain.
Case in point about the GC thing here.
We would likewise say natural processes are its origin.
Yet natural processes are not only attrition of water moving sediment but great innate processes within water like plucking, abrasion, vortices, kolks, sudden wastage, as shown by the famous Missoula flood case.
There is no reason in nature where water is the mechanism to see it from long time action.
Small quick events can explain all and in fact they have a logic problem that requires modern geology to assert convergence of forms .
In short to stop the missoula flood processes from being the universal law of origin of fluvial landscaping and keep the old slow attrition ideas they must allow form convergence from different process forms.
Finally the numbers of geologists who studied, write papers, cite others, or read papers in depth on the GC are very few relative to the great diversity of interests and work, paid or otherwise, of these armies of geologists living amongst us.
raven · 27 December 2011
Frank J · 27 December 2011
Frank J · 27 December 2011
Oops, accidentally deleted the bold part:
So you're saying that, if seeking doesn't work, they try fabricating. And even with both methods of cheating, they still can't arrive at convergence on even the roughest outline of "what happened when," let alone how?
apokryltaros · 27 December 2011
apokryltaros · 27 December 2011
apokryltaros · 27 December 2011
Frank J · 27 December 2011
apokryltaros · 27 December 2011
ksplawn · 27 December 2011
Skip · 27 December 2011
Any YEC who denies that creationists distort well-established scientific research needs desperately to read A Tale of Three Creationists, written by Evangelical Christian Dennis Venema in which he and Todd Wood, a young earther, took to task and spanked good Reasons to Believe for their distortion of pseudogenes.
It's a classic case, and even more significant because it was two fellow Christians who took RTB down for being blatantly dishonest, or shamefully incompetent. Take your pick.
Mr. Byers, I'd be very interested to read your comments after reading all three parts of Venema's post.
apokryltaros · 27 December 2011
Robert Byers · 27 December 2011
prongs · 27 December 2011
Creationists complain that they are not given access to hominid fossils for their own interpretive 'work'.
So why don't Creationists go dig their own hominid fossils? Then they could describe them in first-line anthropological journals and claim they're all-ape or all human.
Robert Byers · 27 December 2011
Skip · 27 December 2011
apokryltaros · 27 December 2011
Anyone else notice how Robert Byers again failed to explain why or how Young Earth Creationism is supposed to be a science?
apokryltaros · 27 December 2011
prongs · 27 December 2011
apokryltaros · 27 December 2011
Karen S. · 27 December 2011
ksplawn · 27 December 2011
apokryltaros · 27 December 2011
Henry J · 27 December 2011
apokryltaros · 27 December 2011
Frank J · 28 December 2011
https://me.yahoo.com/a/K.2IylVy2.ffSbYUSrrYtSqM0Z0-#3d5d8 · 28 December 2011
The other straw that creationists cling on to is a basic appeal to fairness that most people find persuasive on a superficial level. "Teach both sides" they cry. Even in post-Christian Britain, where fewer than 10% of the population attend church on a regular basis, this call to let both sides have a stab at making their case on an equal footing garners well over 50% when polled.
But, of course, science isn't American Idol. It's not a popularity contest, otherwise we'd be teaching students how to read horoscopes, the merits of homeopathy, and the mechanics of hauntings along with physics, biology, and chemistry. Yet that is what creationists would have us do, if they had their way.
Frank J · 28 December 2011
apokryltaros · 28 December 2011
In other words, to make things more fair, it's best to reword the question as "Is it fair and balanced to teach politically motivated religious propaganda together with, or in place of science in a science classroom?"
It doesn't sound nice, but, it's much more fair and balanced than to lie about Creationism being an alternative to science.
Frank J · 28 December 2011
Henry J · 28 December 2011
What scientists do and evolution deniers don't:
Produce clearly stated hypotheses.
Get their predictions by logically deriving them from the stated hypotheses (not merely by throwing out something they associate with the hypothesis).
Correct their mistakes they've made after others point them out.
Criticize each other when they think mistakes have been made.
Look for data contrary to their own hypothesis, not just the other guy's.
---
Of course, some evolution deniers may sometimes do some of the above, it's just not typical across the whole set of them.
Say, should we now have a topic going in the other direction? (i.e., things deniers do that scientists don't)
Mike Elzinga · 28 December 2011
We had some fun with this same topic a few years ago. The creationist trolls hated it.
No matter how one approaches ID/creationism, one finds that ID/creationism falls squarely and completely within the domain of pseudo-science; and the behaviors and activities of ID/creationist leaders are strictly those that contribute to the socio/political advancement of that pseudo-science.
apokryltaros · 28 December 2011
Frank J · 28 December 2011
Frank J · 28 December 2011
@apokryltaros:
Sorry, I read your comment too quickly. Your examples are "active" too. They certainly do make up for the lack of explaining, testing, and publishing their "theories."
Robert Byers · 28 December 2011
Robert Byers · 28 December 2011
apokryltaros · 28 December 2011
apokryltaros · 28 December 2011
Dave Luckett · 28 December 2011
You're a sad and pitiable person, Byers.
The man you call God told you that the truth would set you free, but you prefer enslavement. Well, your choice. But nobody put you in that prison cell. You built it yourself, Byers, stone by stone. You installed the bars, you made the locks, you put yourself in it, and you tried to throw away the key - but you can't throw it away, Byers. It's still there, right by your hand. You can't lose it. You can only ignore it.
But go ahead. Babble your delusions that someday you and your fellow-prisoners will someday run the jail, Byers. It'll never happen, because there is no jail, Byers. No warders, no governor, no sentence, nothing but the cells you've made for yourselves. Everyone else is free, Byers, and nobody cares about your little penitentiary.
Pitiful. So you have my pity, Byers, even as you whisper your lies. You're only lying to yourself. You even have it while you try to drag other people's children into cells like your own, because you won't succeed, Byers. Cling to your delusions, if you like. Trumpet your hallucinations of success. They only show how lost to reality you are, and one must show charity to the afflicted.
Savour your failure, Byers, and be grateful for it. For if you or the other inmates ever succeeded in building cells for others, and started trying to lock people into them, you'd forfeit that charity. And you would not enjoy the results.
W. H. Heydt · 29 December 2011
DS · 29 December 2011
Robert wrote:
"We do and will change peoples minds. No problem. We do this on presenting evidence for our ideas and criticisms of the others."
OK. I'm waiting. Convince me. Go ahead, present your evidence.
See the thing is Robert, in the last two years, you have whined about evidence two hundred and seventeen times and have never once presented any evidence. I'm waiting. Show me peer reviewed evidence from scientific journals that YEC is correct, the earth is only thousands of years old and there was a world wide flood a few thousands years ago. If you can't do this then you are just lying. Is that really what you want people to know?
Skip · 29 December 2011
What Robert is probably referring to is the kind of ways to change people's mind my good buds Larry and Kevin the Creationists do every Saturday (during the season) the Farmers Market is open in downtown Madison. They're there every Saturday with their hilarious display, handing out tracts by AiG, ICR and yes, even Kent Hovind. Check out my original post on these two bufoons here:
http://sciencedenial.com/my-first-encounter-with-larry/
It's truly an eye opener!
Carl Drews · 11 January 2012